If you’ve watched police dramas or listened to a live police scanner, you’ve probably heard phrases like “Code 3,” “10-4,” or “Code 20.” While some codes are universal, others change by region or department. But what exactly does “Code 20” mean on police radio? Understanding this code not only satisfies curiosity, but also gives insight into how first responders coordinate crucial, time-sensitive situations.
This post breaks down the origins and use of Code 20, where and why it’s used, and how it fits into broader police radio communication. You’ll also find a guide to common police codes, and answers to FAQs about police radio language.
Police Radio Codes 101: Why They’re Used
Police radio codes (often called “ten-codes” or disposition codes) were developed in the 1930s and 1940s as a way to communicate quickly and discreetly over radio channels. By using short numeric codes, law enforcement could:
- Reduce radio chatter and make messages concise
- Convey sensitive info without tipping off the public
- Standardize communications across different services and regions
While some codes, like “10-4” (message received), are widely used, others vary by department, city, or state. That’s why understanding a specific code like “Code 20” requires some context.
What Does “Code 20” Mean on Police Radio?
The Most Common Use of Code 20
“Code 20” is typically used to request media or public information officers at a particular scene, especially when an incident is attracting the press or public interest.
For example, “We need a Code 20 at Main & Broadway,” means the situation at that location is newsworthy, and a supervisor or media liaison should respond. The goal is twofold:
- Manage and coordinate the flow of information to journalists or bystanders
- Ensure safety and proper crowd control at scenes with high visibility
Regional Variations of Code 20
Not all police codes are consistent nationwide. “Code 20” does not always mean the same thing everywhere:
- California (including Los Angeles and San Francisco): Code 20 is an official term used over dispatch radio when the media should be notified of a notable incident, such as a major accident, police pursuit, or ongoing investigation. Units assigned as “Code 20” facilitate media relations on scene.
- New York and Chicago: Local codes differ, so “Code 20” might mean something entirely different, or might not be used at all.
- Other States / Departments: Sometimes, a department might assign “Code 20” to a completely different scenario, such as “health hazard,” “warrant confirmation,” or “officer needs assistance.” Always consult local code sheets for accurate meanings.
Example in Use
Officer 1: “Dispatch, send me a Code 20 to the 500 block of Elm. We have multiple news vans arriving.”
Dispatch: “Copy, Code 20 en route.”
Why is Code 20 Important?
Effective Information Management
Press coverage can complicate an already tense scene. Code 20 ensures a trained professional is present to:
- Communicate official updates to media
- Shield officers from media pressure while handling the primary incident
- Set up media perimeters to maintain scene integrity
Safety and Scene Control
With social media and smartphones, news spreads quickly. “Code 20” helps maintain clear lines between active responders and public observers, which prevents interference and safety risks.
Transparency and Accountability
Many departments value media relationships for public transparency. A “Code 20” call supports responsible communication, helping the public stay informed without disrupting emergency operations.
How is Code 20 Different from Other Police Codes?
Police departments use a mix of numeric “ten codes,” signals, and custom unit codes to relay information quickly. Here’s how Code 20 compares:
|
Code |
General Meaning |
Common Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
10-4 |
Acknowledgement (message received) |
Universal |
|
10-20 |
Location (e.g., “What’s your 20?”) |
Universal |
|
Code 3 |
Emergency, use lights and sirens |
Many US departments |
|
Code 7 |
Meal break |
Common in California |
|
Code 20 |
Media request / newsworthy incident |
Often in CA, varies elsewhere |
|
Code 30 |
Officer needs help / urgent response |
CA, some western states |
Common Misconceptions About Code 20
1. All Police Radios Use the Same Codes
Reality check: Many codes differ by state, county, and even department. Public safety agencies may publish code sheets, but some keep them confidential for security.
2. “Code 20” Always Refers to Media
Not always! For example, in some East Coast cities, “Code 20” might mean “warrant issued,” “medical alert,” or something unrelated to the press.
3. Police Don’t Use Codes Anymore
Some departments, especially large metropolitan ones, have moved toward “plain speech” communications to avoid confusion during inter-agency operations. However, many still use numeric codes for brevity and tradition, especially on non-critical dispatch channels.
When Would You Hear Code 20 on a Police Scanner?
If you listen to live scanners in places like Los Angeles, Sacramento, or some other California jurisdictions, you’ll likely hear “Code 20” when:
- There’s a major accident or arrest attracting attention
- An incident has escalated and police anticipate media arrival
- The department wants to provide official statements directly from the scene
How to Find Local Police Codes
Curious about your local codes? Here’s how you can learn more:
- Check police department websites: Some departments publish full code lists or glossaries.
- Listen to live scanners: Context often clarifies repeated code usage.
- Look up hobbyist forums: Sites like RadioReference.com host code cheat sheets by region.
- Contact your local department’s public information officer: They can explain which codes are in use and what they mean in your area.
Beyond Code 20: A Quick Guide to Popular Police Codes
Here are a few common codes you might hear while scanning law enforcement radio. These often appear alongside Code 20 in active situations:
- 10-1: Poor signal / “I can’t hear you”
- 10-13: Officer needs help (East Coast)
- 10-22: Disregard
- 10-33: Emergency, all units stand by
- Code 4: Situation under control, no assistance needed
- Code 6: Out at scene / investigation
- Code Red: High-alert / immediate action required
These codes form a kind of “first responder shorthand,” saving time and ensuring clarity during critical moments.
Takeaways for Civilians and Scanner Fans
Understanding police codes like “Code 20” offers more than trivia value. It helps you:
- Interpret scanner chatter more accurately, especially during local emergencies or public events
- Recognize when a situation has escalated in visibility, drawing media or community attention
- Stay informed (and out of the way) when newsworthy incidents unfold nearby
If you’re interested in staying updated on police codes for your area, keep a local code reference handy and check department websites for updates.