Emergencies and law enforcement situations move quickly, and clear communication can mean the difference between confusion and saving lives. That’s why police departments use code systems to relay information fast, with fewer words and less chance of misinterpretation. One of the most frequently asked questions is about “police code 20.” What does it actually mean? And how do different agencies use it?
This in-depth guide explains the meaning behind police code 20, explores its history, shows how and when it’s used by law enforcement, and covers why understanding police communication codes matters for citizens and first responders alike. Whether you’re curious about police scanner chatter, working in security, or studying criminal justice, this blog will answer your questions and give you the insights you need.
What Is Police Code 20?
Police code 20 is part of a standardized set of radio codes used by law enforcement agencies—including city police, sheriffs, and state patrol. It typically means “Location” or a request for someone’s “Location.” More broadly, “10-20” or “code 20” is shorthand for “What is your location?” or “Please provide your current location.”
The Basics of Police 10-Codes
To fully grasp code 20, it helps to understand police 10-codes. These codes were invented in the 1930s and 40s to streamline hard-to-understand radio communications. Instead of spelling out every detail over the air, officers could quickly transmit numbers or short phrases. For example:
- Code 10-4: Message received/affirmative
- Code 10-7: Out of service
- Code 10-9: Repeat message
- Code 10-20: What is your location?
These codes can differ slightly between regions and departments, but “10-20” remains one of the most widely recognized.
The History Behind Code 20
The phrase “What’s your 20?” has become embedded in both law enforcement language and pop culture, thanks to decades of use in movies, TV, and citizen’s band (CB) radio. Its origin traces back to the original APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) 10-code system. The earliest version was established to help police and emergency responders communicate rapidly over noisy, unreliable radio channels.
When radios first became standard equipment in squad cars, the limited bandwidth made brevity essential. A code like “10-20” allowed officers to share vital information without clogging the airwaves. Its popularity quickly spread from police dispatchers to other agencies, truck drivers, and even the general public.
How Police Code 20 Is Used Today
“Code 20” or “10-20” is most commonly used to quickly ask someone for their location or to provide a location update over the radio. Here are some typical scenarios:
Officer-to-Dispatcher
- Dispatcher: “Unit 45, what’s your 20?”
- Officer: “10-20 is 5th and Main, standing by.”
Officer-to-Officer
- Officer 1: “Adam-12, can you give me your 20?”
- Officer 2: “Heading northbound on Elm, approaching Pine.”
During Emergencies or Pursuits:
When situations move rapidly, quickly confirming or requesting a “20” (location) helps coordinate resources.
- “All units, respond to Officer’s 20 for backup.”
- “Requesting 20 on possible suspect vehicle.”
Civilian/Emergency Use
You might even hear versions on CB radio, by security professionals, or among amateur radio operators. “What’s your 20?” is now recognized beyond traditional peace officers.
Why Location Matters in Law Enforcement
Accurate location reporting makes a major difference in public safety. Here’s why police code 20 isn’t just about efficiency:
- Officer Safety: Dispatchers confirm an officer’s location regularly, especially in dangerous or fast-moving situations.
- Backup Coordination: Responding officers need to know precisely where to go.
- Incident Reporting: All police reports must include the “20” for transparency and records.
- Resource Management: Helps command centers allocate units effectively based on live locations.
Variations in Police Code 20
While “10-20” or “code 20” nearly always relates to “location,” there are exceptions. Some police departments have customized radio codes, and occasionally code 20 could have a different meaning depending on agency protocols. Examples include:
- Medical Emergency: Rarely, some EMS dispatches may use “code 20” for specific medical priorities.
- Security Services: Private security and campus safety teams may adapt codes for their own use.
However, if you’re listening to police scanner traffic or watching real-life law enforcement footage, “20” overwhelmingly refers to location.
Police Code 20 in Popular Culture
No discussion of “10-20” would be complete without mentioning its cultural impact. Movies like Smokey and the Bandit and TV shows like CHiPs or Adam-12 made phrases like “What’s your 20?” part of the American lexicon. Even today, the code pops up in modern law enforcement and emergency dispatch dramas.
The Importance of Understanding Radio Codes
For those working in or near law enforcement, knowing radio codes is essential. But being familiar with terms like code 20 benefits many outside the field as well:
- Security Guards: Helps interpret police calls and reports.
- Journalists: Assists in gathering details from scanner feeds.
- Community Groups: Useful for understanding alerts during local emergencies or severe weather.
Common Questions About Police Code 20
Q1. Do all police departments use 10-20 for location?
Most U.S. agencies do, but always check with the local agency. Some police departments use plain language or substitute other codes.
Q2. Can civilians use police codes?
Yes, especially on CB or ham radio, though some agencies discourage civilian use for operational security.
Q3. Are police codes standardized?
Partially. The APCO 10-code system is a national framework, but individual agencies may alter some codes to fit local needs.
Q4. Are there apps or resources to learn police codes?
Yes! Many mobile apps, websites, and study guides list common police 10-codes and their meanings.
Taking Action: Further Resources and How to Stay Safe
Understanding police codes like 20 helps bridge communication between law enforcement and the public. Next time you hear “What’s your 20?” you’ll know it’s not just radio jargon, but a vital tool for safety and coordination.
If you’re interested in learning more, consider the following:
- Research your local police or sheriff’s department communication protocols.
- Download a police scanner app to follow live radio feeds and practice identifying codes.
- Take a basic course in public safety communication, often available at community colleges or online.
Staying informed about police code 20 and other essential codes means you’re better prepared, whether you work in a related field, write about law enforcement topics, or want to stay educated for personal safety.